Plato’s student Aristotle continued his teacher’s thought in some respects and departed from it in others. Although Socrates was executed for his beliefs, his thought lived on in the writings of his student Plato, whose dialogue-style works dealt with topics ranging from the theory of knowledge and cosmogony to political philosophy. In his teaching, Socrates combined mystical insights with an endless curiosity about the world as expressed in the Socratic method. Pythagoras was the main thinker in this school, and his thought influenced Socrates and Plato. Greek philosophy began with the Pre-Socratics, who were mainly concerned with explaining the physical universe. In Book 1: “Ancient Philosophy,” Russell traces the origins of philosophy in ancient Greek civilization, starting with the Mediterranean peoples that preceded the rise of Greece. This guide refers to the Touchstone edition of A History of Western Philosophy. As Russell acknowledges in the Preface to the book, his wife Patricia Russell assisted in research, and she may have edited or even written portions of the book.
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